Bioclimate Projections: (07) Temperature Annual Range

This layer displays projected annual temperature range for four future time periods and three greenhouse gas scenarios from the CMIP6 climate models, based on data provided by WorldClim. (Retiring)

Retirement Notice: This beta item will be retired in December 2026. A new version of this item is available for your use. Esri recommends updating your maps and apps to use the new version.

This layer represents CMIP6 future projections of temperature variation over an entire year. This layer can be used to compare with recent climate histories to better understand the potential impacts of future climate change.

WorldClim produced this projection as part of a series of 19 bioclimate variables identified by the USGS and provides this description:

"Bioclimatic variables are derived from the monthly temperature and rainfall values in order to generate more biologically meaningful variables. These are often used in species distribution modeling and related ecological modeling techniques. The bioclimatic variables represent annual trends (e.g., mean annual temperature, annual precipitation) seasonality (e.g., annual range in temperature and precipitation) and extreme or limiting environmental factors (e.g., temperature of the coldest and warmest month, and precipitation of the wet and dry quarters). A quarter is a period of three months (1/4 of the year)."

Time Extent: averages from 2021-2040, 2041-2060, 2061-2080, 2081-2100
Units: deg C
Cell Size: 2.5 minutes (~5 km)
Source Type: Stretched
Pixel Type: 32 Bit Float
Data Projection: GCS WGS84
Mosaic Projection: GCS WGS84
Extent: Global
Source: WorldClim CMIP6 Bioclimate

Climate Scenarios

The CMIP6 climate experiments use Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) to model future climate scenarios. Each SSP pairs a human/community behavior component with the traditional RCP greenhouse gas forcing from the previous CMIP5. Three SSPs were chosen by Esri to be included in the service based on user requests: SSP2 4.5, SSP3 7.0 and SSP5 8.5.

SSP

Scenario

Estimated warming
(2041–2060)

Estimated warming
(2081–2100)

Very likely range in °C
(2081–2100)

SSP2-4.5

intermediate GHG emissions:
CO₂ emissions around current levels until 2050, then falling but not reaching net zero by 2100

2.0 °C

2.7 °C

2.1 – 3.5

SSP3-7.0

high GHG emissions:
CO₂ emissions double by 2100

2.1 °C

3.6 °C

2.8 – 4.6

SSP5-8.5

very high GHG emissions:
CO₂ emissions triple by 2075

2.4 °C

4.4 °C

3.3 – 5.7

While the 8.5 scenario is no longer generally considered likely, SSP3 7.0 has been included and is considered the high end of possibilities. SSP5 8.5 has been retained since many organizations report to this threshold. The warming associated with SSP2 4.5 is equivalent to the global targets set at the 2021 United Nations COP26 meetings in Glasgow.

Processing the Climate Data

WorldClim provides 20-year averaged outputs for the various SSPs from 24 global climate models. A selection of 13 models were averaged for each variable and time based on Mahony et al 2022. These models included ACCESS-ESM1-5, BCC-CSM2-MR, CanESM5, CNRM-ESM2-1, EC-Earth3-Veg, GFDL-ESM4, GISS-E2-1-G, INM-CM5-0, IPSL-CM6A-LR, MIROC6, MPI-ESM1-2-HR, MRI-ESM2-0, UKESM1-0-LL. GFDL-ESM4 was not available for SSP2 4.5 or SSP5 8.5.

Accessing the Multidimensional Information

The time and SSP scenario are built into the layer using a multidimensional raster. Enable the time slider to move across the 20-year average periods. In ArcGIS Online and Pro, use the Multidimensional Filter to select the SSP (SSP2 4.5 is the default).

What can you do with this layer?

These multidimensional imagery tiles support analysis using ArcGIS Online or Pro. Use the Bioclimate Baseline layer to see the difference in pixels and calculate change from the historic period into the future. Use the Multidimensional tab in ArcGIS Pro to access a variety of useful tools. Each layer or variable can be styled using the Image Display options.

Known Quality Issues

Each model is downscaled from ~100km resolution to ~5km resolution by WorldClim. Some artifacts are inevitable, especially at a global scale. Some variables have distinct transitions, especially in Greenland. Also, SSP2 4.5 has missing data for several variables in Antarctica.

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Additional Info

Field	Value
Last Updated	March 24, 2026, 21:07 (UTC)
Created	March 24, 2026, 21:07 (UTC)
Domain / Topic Domain or topic of the dataset being cataloged.
Title Title for the Dataset.	Bioclimate Projections: (07) Temperature Annual Range
Description A description of the dataset.	This layer displays projected annual temperature range for four future time periods and three greenhouse gas scenarios from the CMIP6 climate models, based on data provided by WorldClim. (Retiring) Retirement Notice: This beta item will be retired in December 2026. A new version of this item is available for your use. Esri recommends updating your maps and apps to use the new version. This layer represents CMIP6 future projections of temperature variation over an entire year. This layer can be used to compare with recent climate histories to better understand the potential impacts of future climate change. WorldClim produced this projection as part of a series of 19 bioclimate variables identified by the USGS and provides this description: "Bioclimatic variables are derived from the monthly temperature and rainfall values in order to generate more biologically meaningful variables. These are often used in species distribution modeling and related ecological modeling techniques. The bioclimatic variables represent annual trends (e.g., mean annual temperature, annual precipitation) seasonality (e.g., annual range in temperature and precipitation) and extreme or limiting environmental factors (e.g., temperature of the coldest and warmest month, and precipitation of the wet and dry quarters). A quarter is a period of three months (1/4 of the year)." Time Extent: averages from 2021-2040, 2041-2060, 2061-2080, 2081-2100 Units: deg C Cell Size: 2.5 minutes (~5 km) Source Type: Stretched Pixel Type: 32 Bit Float Data Projection: GCS WGS84 Mosaic Projection: GCS WGS84 Extent: Global Source: WorldClim CMIP6 Bioclimate Climate Scenarios The CMIP6 climate experiments use Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) to model future climate scenarios. Each SSP pairs a human/community behavior component with the traditional RCP greenhouse gas forcing from the previous CMIP5. Three SSPs were chosen by Esri to be included in the service based on user requests: SSP2 4.5, SSP3 7.0 and SSP5 8.5. SSP Scenario Estimated warming (2041–2060) Estimated warming (2081–2100) Very likely range in °C (2081–2100) SSP2-4.5 intermediate GHG emissions: CO₂ emissions around current levels until 2050, then falling but not reaching net zero by 2100 2.0 °C 2.7 °C 2.1 – 3.5 SSP3-7.0 high GHG emissions: CO₂ emissions double by 2100 2.1 °C 3.6 °C 2.8 – 4.6 SSP5-8.5 very high GHG emissions: CO₂ emissions triple by 2075 2.4 °C 4.4 °C 3.3 – 5.7 While the 8.5 scenario is no longer generally considered likely, SSP3 7.0 has been included and is considered the high end of possibilities. SSP5 8.5 has been retained since many organizations report to this threshold. The warming associated with SSP2 4.5 is equivalent to the global targets set at the 2021 United Nations COP26 meetings in Glasgow. Processing the Climate Data WorldClim provides 20-year averaged outputs for the various SSPs from 24 global climate models. A selection of 13 models were averaged for each variable and time based on Mahony et al 2022. These models included ACCESS-ESM1-5, BCC-CSM2-MR, CanESM5, CNRM-ESM2-1, EC-Earth3-Veg, GFDL-ESM4, GISS-E2-1-G, INM-CM5-0, IPSL-CM6A-LR, MIROC6, MPI-ESM1-2-HR, MRI-ESM2-0, UKESM1-0-LL. GFDL-ESM4 was not available for SSP2 4.5 or SSP5 8.5. Accessing the Multidimensional Information The time and SSP scenario are built into the layer using a multidimensional raster. Enable the time slider to move across the 20-year average periods. In ArcGIS Online and Pro, use the Multidimensional Filter to select the SSP (SSP2 4.5 is the default). What can you do with this layer? These multidimensional imagery tiles support analysis using ArcGIS Online or Pro. Use the Bioclimate Baseline layer to see the difference in pixels and calculate change from the historic period into the future. Use the Multidimensional tab in ArcGIS Pro to access a variety of useful tools. Each layer or variable can be styled using the Image Display options. Known Quality Issues Each model is downscaled from ~100km resolution to ~5km resolution by WorldClim. Some artifacts are inevitable, especially at a global scale. Some variables have distinct transitions, especially in Greenland. Also, SSP2 4.5 has missing data for several variables in Antarctica. Related Layers Bioclimate 1 Annual Mean Temperature Bioclimate 2 Mean Diurnal Range Bioclimate 3 Isothermality Bioclimate 4 Temperature Seasonality Bioclimate 5 Max Temperature of Warmest Month Bioclimate 6 Min Temperature Of Coldest Month Bioclimate 7 Temperature Annual Range Bioclimate 8 Mean Temperature Of Wettest Quarter Bioclimate 9 Mean Temperature Of Driest Quarter Bioclimate 10 Mean Temperature Of Warmest Quarter Bioclimate 11 Mean Temperature Of Coldest Quarter Bioclimate 12 Annual Precipitation Bioclimate 13 Precipitation Of Wettest Month Bioclimate 14 Precipitation Of Driest Month Bioclimate 15 Precipitation Seasonality Bioclimate 16 Precipitation Of Wettest Quarter Bioclimate 17 Precipitation Of Driest Quarter Bioclimate 18 Precipitation Of Warmest Quarter Bioclimate 19 Precipitation Of Coldest Quarter Bioclimate Baseline 1970-2000
Tags / Keywords Keywords/tags categorizing the dataset.	Retiring Status esri_environment retiring-2026-12
Format (CSV, XLS, TXT, PDF, etc) File format of the dataset.
Dataset Size Dataset size in megabytes.	781677.67
Metadata Identifier Metadata identifier – can be used as the unique identifier for catalogue entry
Published Date Published date of the dataset.	2022-05-12
Time Period Data Span (start date) Start date of the data in the dataset.
Time Period Data Span (end date) End date of time data in the dataset.
GeoSpatial Area Data Span A spatial region or named place the dataset covers.

Field	Value
Access category Type of access granted for the dataset (open, closed, service, etc).	public
License License used to access the dataset.	This work is licensed under the Esri Master License Agreement. View Summary \| View Terms of Use
Limits on use Limits on use of data.
Location Location of the dataset.	https://climate.esri.ca/datasets/esri::bioclimate-projections-07-temperature-annual-range
Data Service Data service for accessing a dataset.
Owner Owner of the dataset.	esri_environment
Contact Point Who to contact regarding access?	Esri
Contact Point Email The email to contact regarding access?
Publisher Publisher of the dataset.	Esri
Publisher Email Email of the publisher.
Author Author of the dataset.	esri_environment
Author Email Email of the author.
Accessed At Date the data and metadata was accessed.	2025-08-30

Field	Value
Identifier Unique identifier for the dataset.	808cfb3ab1614f8ab7e364de737e9e98
Language Language(s) of the dataset	English
Link to dataset description A URL to an external document describing the dataset.	https://climate.esri.ca/datasets/esri::bioclimate-projections-07-temperature-annual-range
Persistent Identifier Data is identified by a persistent identifier.
Globally Unique Identifier Data is identified by a persistent and globally unique identifier.
Contains data about individuals Does the data hold data about individuals?
Contains data about identifiable individuals Does the data hold identifiable data about individual?
Contains Indigenous Data Does the data hold data about Indigenous communities?
Portal Type Platform type of the source portal.

Field	Value
Version Version of the datatset	None
Source Source of the dataset.	None
Version notes Version notes about the dataset.
Is version of another dataset Link to dataset that it is a version of.	Unified: Bioclimate Projections: (07) Temperature Annual Range
Other versions Link to datasets that are versions of it.	Bioclimate Projections: (07) Temperature Annual Range
Provenance Text Provenance Text of the data.	Esri
Provenance URL Provenance URL of the data.
Temporal resolution Describes how granular the date/time data in the dataset is.
GeoSpatial resolution in meters Describes how granular (in meters) geospatial data is in the dataset.
GeoSpatial resolution (in regions) Describes how granular (in regions) geospatial data is in the dataset.

Field	Value
Indigenous Community Permission Who holds the Indigenous Community Permission. Who to contact regarding access to a dataset that has data about Indigenous communities.
Community Permission Community permission (who gave permission).
The Indigenous communities the dataset is about Indigenous communities from which data is derived.

Field	Value
Number of data rows If tabular dataset, total number of rows.
Number of data columns If tabular dataset, total number of unique columns.
Number of data cells If tabular dataset, total number of cells with data.
Number of data relations If RDF dataset, total number of triples.
Number of entities If RDF dataset, total number of entities.
Number of data properties If RDF dataset, total number of unique properties used by the triples.
Data quality Describes the quality of the data in the dataset.
Metric for data quality A metric used to measure the quality of the data, such as missing values or invalid formats.

Bioclimate Projections: (07) Temperature Annual Range

Datasets available for download

Additional Info

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